PENGENALAN
Fakulti Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan (FSSK),
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia mengiktiraf kepentingan peranan
institusi pendidikan tinggi dalam menyumbang kepada kemajuan,
kemakmuran dan kesejahteraan sosial, ekonomi dan politik negara
melalui pembangunan modal insan yang berkemahiran tinggi sebagai
satu pasukan tenaga kerja yang dihasratkan dalam Pelan Pendidikan
Malaysia 2015-2025. Sehubungan itu, Fakulti Sains Sosial dan
Kemanusiaan (FSSK), UTM telah meletakkan pentaksiran sebagai
komponen penting dalam proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran.
Pentaksiran merujuk kepada proses pengukuran pencapaian dan prestasi
pelajar oleh pensyarah bagi setiap unit pembelajaran dan / atau
keseluruhan kursus di pelbagai peringkat pengajian; prasiswazah dan
pascasiswazah. Proses tersebut juga melibatkan pelaporan dan
keputusan penting di buat berdasarkan pengumpulan bukti dan
penginterpretasian data kepada pemegang taruh. Sebahagian dari
proses pentaksiran juga melibatkan aktiviti reka bentuk instrumen
berdasarkan hasil pembelajaran untuk memberi maklum balas yang
berkesan, seterusnya penetapan gred dan pelaporan prestasi pelajar.
Oleh yang demikian, usaha FSSK menghasilkan set rubrik bagi
pentaksiran formatif dan sumatif bagi memenuhi keperluan pentaksiran
hasil pembelajaran berdasarkan MQF 2.0 adalah relevan dan mencapai
prinsip objektiviti dalam pengukuran dengan adanya instrumen
penskoran yang sah dan dipercayai. Berikut adalah pernyataan dari
MQF 2.0 (2017, ms 14-18) yang selari dengan keperluan pentaksiran
berkaitan hasil pembelajaran.
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Malaysian
Qualification Statement (MQS) provides detailed
information of a programme including the
learning outcomes, accreditation status, QA
system, awarding institution and is issued by
HEPs to the student on successful completion of
the programme. It informs learners and users of
qualifications of the learning achievement and
competencies of the learners and this
facilitates assessment of qualifications by
interested parties.
The learning outcomes of MQF 2.0 build on the
existing domains, principles and practices of
MQF edition 1. Learning outcomes are ‘statements
on what students should know, understand and can
do upon successful completion of a period of
study, which generally lead to a qualification
or part of a qualification’.
The generic learning outcomes are intended to
provide a framework to reduce the gap between
the world of education, work and responsible
global citizenship and to further
harmonise/integrate the systems. This is
demonstrable by the skills and knowledge of
learners to successfully perform in
professional, educational, and other life
contexts.
Thus, the levels, clusters of specific learning
outcomes and credits are external standards and
guide the inputs by institutions into the
curriculum, teaching, learning and assessment.
Many of the learning outcomes are critical-cross
field outcomes, generic and relevant in
different types of programmes. It will create an
impact on the teaching and learning activities
and strategies in assessments.
It is expected that the approach to
teaching-learning and assessment supports the
personal growth and progress of broader
capabilities or competencies; more knowledge,
better cognitive skills, obtaining new work and
personal skills. The broader expectation is that
the learners are expected to be able to continue
to perform and improve these competencies in
their working life and further education.
A set of eight domains of generic learning
outcomes and 16 specific learning outcomes was
established and operationalised in MQF edition
1. These continue to remain relevant and
universally comparable. In MQF 2nd edition, they
have been clustered, re-profiled and retained.
The listed outcomes resonate and mostly align
with the aspirations of the National Education
Philosophy (1961), the Malaysia Education
Blueprint 2013-2025 as well as the Malaysia
Education Blueprint 2015-2025 (Higher
Education). The MQF 2.0 is linked to, and a
continuum of, the educational outcomes from
basic education to higher education as set in
the national blueprints.
It also is comparable to other national
qualifications framework and to other regional
qualifications frameworks. These learning
outcomes clarify the demands and complexities of
learning by each level. It is within the context
of study and/or work/practice situations, where
for example, knowledge and understanding is
required concurrently as these traits are
dominant and important in pursuing higher
education and advanced skills training.
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Langkah ini di ambil seiring
dengan usaha Agensi Kelayakan Malaysia (MQA) pada tahun 2016 yang
merubah PLO dari lapan (8) kluster bagi Kerangka Kelayakan Malaysia
1.0 (MQF 1.0) kepada lima (5) kluster bagi Kerangka Kelayakan
Malaysia 2.0 (MQF 2.0) Jadual 1 menunjukkan maklumat terperinci bagi
perubahan tersebut.
Kluster |
MQF 2.0 |
Kluster |
MQF 1.0 |
1 |
Pengetahuan dan Kefahaman |
1 |
Pengetahuan |
2 |
Kemahiran Kognitif |
2 |
Kemahiran Praktikal |
3 |
Kemahiran Kerja Berfungsi
a.
Kemahiran Praktik
b.
Kemahiran Interpersonal
c.
Kemahiran
Komunikasi
d.
Kemahiran Digital
e.
Kemahiran Numerasi
f.
Kemahiran
Kepimpinan, Autonomi dan
Kebertanggungjawaban |
3 |
Kemahiran Sosial dan Kebertanggungjawaban |
4 |
Kemahiran Personal
Kemahiran Keusahawanan |
4 |
Nilai, Sikap dan Profesionalisme |
5 |
Etika dan Profesionalisme |
5 |
Kemahiran Komunikasi, Kepimpinan dan Keja
Berpasukan |
6 |
Kemahiran Penyelesaian Masalah dan Saintifik
|
7 |
Kemahiran Pengurusan Maklumat dan
Pembelajaran Sepanjang Hayat |
8 |
Kemahiran Pengurusan dan Keusahawanan
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Justeru, kurikulum di
FSSH juga telah di semak bagi memberi laluan kepada
hasil pembelajaran di murnikan/ diubah berdasarkan
ketetapan MQF 2.0 untuk diterap dalam proses pengajaran,
pembelajaran dan pentaksiran. Pembinaan alat penskoran
yang standard (rubrik) menjadi fokus utama FSSH supaya
dapat mengukur prestasi pelajar berdasarkan Hasil
Pembelajaran Program (Program Learning Outcome) yang
baharu. Penggunaan rubrik secara formatif dan
konstruktif diharap dapat membantu pensyarah mengesan
kemajuan pembelajaran khususnya dalam tugasan yang
bercirikan Pentaksiran Alternatif; seterusnya rubrik
tersebut juga dapat digunakan pada pentaksiran sumatif. |